Verbal Irony In Harry Potter - 1711 Words

The Oxford Dictionary of English defines irony as a literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character s words or actions is clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. Irony― the difference between appearance and reality ―is a literary device evident throughout all literature as either situational irony, dramatic irony, or verbal irony. Surprising readers, situational irony contradicts the expected outcome of the story. For example, the audience of the Harry Potter series, by J.K. Rowling, expect that Harry Potter will defeat Voldemort, the evil lord, by killing him; however, they are thrown off guard when it is revealed that Harry Potter must allow Voldemort to kill†¦show more content†¦Her family should provide her the support to fend off dangers like Arnold Friend;however, her insubstantial relationship with her family instead leaves her vulnerable to Arnold Friend’s exploitation s of her yearning for independence. The lack of authority over Connie allows her to begin asserting her will and search for independence outside of her home;this makes the reader wonder if she will truly find her independence. Connie’s home is a safe space for her, but when Arnold shows up, â€Å"[Connie’s] kitchen looked like a place she had never seen before, some room she had run inside but that wasn’t good enough, wasn’t going to help her† (Oates 262). Arnold Friend invades her home without setting foot inside of it. He brings her childhood to an abrupt ending by dragging her out of her home into the reality of adulthood. In the beginning, Connie goes out to experience independence to establish her womanhood, but instead ends up leaving everything she knows under the control of Arnold Friend, who will take her womanhood. Connie’s frequent dizzy spells give the readers a hint that something will go awry. Dizziness overcomes Connie when she feels like Arnold is overpowering her and her surroundings feel unfamiliar. When Connie realizes that neither Ellie nor Arnold are her age, â€Å"[she] felt a wave of dizziness rise in her at this sight and she stared at him as if waitingShow MoreRelatedVerbal Irony In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter741 Words   |  3 Pagestoothed dentist? Ironic, isn’t it. Irony is a clever literary device that many authors use to make the audience stop and ponder what has been said, emphasize a central topic or idea, or do both. Nathaniel Hawthorne, being the exceptional author that he is,uses each of the three types of irony, verbal, dramatic, and situational, to affirm his simple truth, â€Å"Be true! Be true! Be true!† throughout his novel. This chair is as comfortable as sitting on nails. Verbal irony is when a character or narratorRead MoreI Am Writing At The Spring 2015 Semester Of Mrs. Miller s Engl 112 Dual Enrollment College1577 Words   |  7 Pagesprepared to examine this tragedy in terms of its argumentative structure; however, Shakespeare’s language is difficult. Once I caught the rhythm, it got easier, but I was glad to find plenty of examples of verbal irony in the articles I read as part of the research for the essay. My interest in verbal irony was caught when I first read Hamlet’s famous soliloquy in Act III, where he prepares to speak with his mother, especially the line â€Å"I will speak daggers, but use none† (Hamlet, III, ii). I really likedRead MoreEvery Trip Is A Quest2083 Words   |  9 Pagesno confusion about characters. For example the stepmother in Cinderella is evil and everyone strongly dislikes her. †¢ Authors use situational archetypes to add texture to a tale and to emphasize a theme. †¢ Children’s stories contain a lot of verbal irony, which only adults or teenagers would understand. †¢ When reading a story always take note of certain patterns you may find between the lines. It’s Greek to Me †¢ The real purpose of myths is to example our existence to ourselves, humans knowRead MoreThe Importance of Literature for Christians2056 Words   |  9 Pagesbelieving that Juliet was dead, when indeed, she was not. Once she awoke, Juliet, believing Romeo was dead, then killed herself. The tragic death of these lovers led to the uniting of their families, and the end of their feud. Shakespeare uses tragic irony in many of his plays and literary artists â€Å"must be true to both the image of God and the Fall and the characters they create.† As Christians we must also remember that we have to be responsible for what we feed our mind. As Christians we must beRead MoreRhetorical Devices3007 Words   |  13 PagesSonnet 116) – figura etymologica | |portmanteau words (blend, |words formed by blending two words into one | |contaminatio) |spellotape (spell + sellotape in Harry Potter) | | |brunch (breakfast + lunch) | |symploce |A combination of anaphoraRead MoreDeath with Dignity Essay4339 Words   |  18 Pagesoption for death. Ohio was the first state on record that proposed a bill to legalize euthanasia. The bill wanted to legalize euthanasia of the terminally ill as well as the â€Å"hideously deformed or idiotic children†. (Manning) It was defeated. Dr. Harry Haiselden made headlines in America in 1915 for allowing the eventual death of an infant, baby Bollinger, who was born badly deformed and without an anus. The infant would die of auto-intoxication if surgery was not performed immediately. He statedRead MoreMonologue: Reading and Students6486 Words   |  26 PagesMonologues (probably available through the Humanities Department) Search â€Å"monologues† on search engines such as google.com or askjeeves.com Novels, short stories or plays in your classroom that include monologue passages, such as Glass Menagerie, Harry Potter books, Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul, You’re a Good Man, Charlie, Brown, Frankenstein, The Outsiders, The Invisible Man, The Color Purple—the possibilities are almost limitless. Table of Contents The following lessons are included in thisRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 Pagespassing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave . We all know that English sentences normally consist of a subject and a predicate, and that the predicate normally contains a verbal group. However, the first sentence here contains no main finite verb. It looks as though it should be linked to another clause; therefore it should not occur as an independent unit. Yet here it does occur on its own. In this extract, Carter alsoRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesbelieves that only U.S. citizens are Americans. The second speaker uses American more broadly to refer to anybody from North, Central, or South America. Their disagreement is a semantic disagreement. More informally this is called a 96 verbal disagreement, and the speakers are said to be â€Å"talking past each other.† Semantic disagreements are disagreements about meanings, but substantial disagreements are disagreements about how the world is or about what should be done. Ambiguity is one

3 Criteria for Personhood - 1027 Words

There are many theories on what â€Å"makes a person.† I have narrowed it down to 3 criteria for personhood. The first principle of personhood is taken from the well-known philosopher, Descartes. He states that in order to be a thinking being you must be a â€Å"thinking thing.† In order to think, you must be aware or conscious. This doesn’t only include using rational thought but also, Doubts, understands, affirms, denies, and wills, refuses and other mental processes. We conducted a written test to see whether or not the person has thinking persons qualities. (See appendix 1) Another philosopher, Bernd Wursig, wrote an interesting piece called, â€Å"Is A Dolphin a Person?† He believes that being a human is simply a biological concept but being a†¦show more content†¦Just because something follows all the criteria for beauty, does not mean it will appeal to a certain persons taste. Who is free? In order to be considered as free, you must be able to make your own choices. Nihilism says you are. Friedriche Niche introduces Nihlism as the belief in nothing. In result, you’re free to do whatever you’d like because nothing has meaning. Which leads into existentialism. Philosophers like Soren Kierkgard, and Sarte explain existentialism as being completely free to make your own choices. There may be no purpose of life beyond the goals that you set for yourself, so make meaning to your life by freely making choices. A philosopher who would disagree is B.F skinner, who created operant conditioning. This means altering someone’s behavior by the use of positive reinforcement, given after the desired response, and punishment to reduce (and eventually eliminate) an undesired response. He states, â€Å"â€Å"If freedom is a requisite for human happiness, then all that’s necessary is to provide the illusion of freedom.† Therefore, he disagrees with Nic he, Sartre, and Kierkgard because he does not believe we have the freedom to make our choices. We simply need the illusion to stay sane. Two tests were conducted for both criteria (Nihilism and existentialism). The test for existentialism was given to over 30 people, they were asked to chose to eat and enjoy a food they did not like multiple times. Every person said theyShow MoreRelatedCorporations : The New People Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing granted legal personhood dates back to the start of the nation, but it is also no secret that the simple thought of a corporation claiming the same rights as a human being has been ridiculed in the past. Former presidential candidate Mitt Romney s infamous corporations are people, my friend statement was mocked by mainstream media. Influential Democrats proclaim big businesses to be evil in front of hoards of people who scorn the thought of corporate personhood. Despite the fact thatRead MoreAre Animals Considered Human People?1519 Words   |  7 Pagesa Human being. However, maybe there is more to it than simply acting like a Human. Perhaps this something more is known as personhood. If so, this concept of personhood can drastically vary. Many different philosophers have a different view on what it means to have personhood. According to Lori Marino, the struggle to define a person or what it takes to have personhood is something that certainly exists. This could be due to the fact humans are automatically entitled to call themselves personsRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Philosophical Contributions Aristotle and Descartes Make to Our Understanding of a Person1606 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Descartes contribution to our notion of a person, we need to be able to understand what the term ‘personhood means. Unfortunately there is no clear answer, wi th philosophers still presenting conflicting ideas. However by asking questions such as; is ‘personhood identical to human being? What is the essence of a person? What relation does a person have with the world? When does personhood begin? At what point if ever does it end? And finally what makes a good person? We move closer to a setRead MoreWhy I Want For The People Who Will Influence My Identity Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesalso neglecting to succumb to the beliefs of others to stay true to one’s own beliefs. However, this does not mean that authenticity is static, â€Å"an individual should engage in a process of constructing his personhood†¦. His task in life becomes searching for his true personhood† (381). Personhood should be a journey of finding oneself, figuring out who one is and what one believes in. The act of evolving is part of the discovery, but when â€Å"their acts are guided by other people’s ideas of who they shouldRead More A Ra tional Look at the Abortion Controversy Essay3888 Words   |  16 Pagesinvolved would be a fair move. Abortion is the unnatural termination of a pregnancy by killing (at least) one human fetus. This definition is not contested, and I think it seems clear that it is correct. Science confirms that life begins at conception,3 and that this life is human is a-scientific as well as logical-necessity, because it is the product of two humans, and humans can only produce humans. Ergo, the fetus involved is human. Secondly, the fetus is, at least scientifically speaking, a singularRead MoreAnalysis Of Mcmahan s The Metaphysics Of Brain Death1357 Words   |  6 Pagesexploring the â€Å"dominant conception of brain death† which reasons that the loss of capacity for consciousness, caused by irreversible damage to the whole brain or brain stem, is sufficient for such a declaration as a persons ceasing to live (sec. 1, pars. 1-3). McMahan does not oppose the argument of brain death on the grounds of capacity for consciousness, but rather uses this to present that â€Å"the death of the entire brain is not equivalent to the biological death of the human organism† (sec. 1, par. 5)Read MoreUtilitarianism : A Moral Theory1862 Words   |  8 PagesResearch problem Utilitarianism is a moral theory that evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action depending on its consequences. The criteria for this evaluation is how the action impacts the well-being of those involved. To put it simply, utilitarianism is concerned with whether the action brings the best outcome for those affected by it (Visak, 2013: 19). Whilst utilitarianism allows for different conceptions of well-being, depending on which value theory is used to measure it (giving placeRead More Abortion from an Ethical Point of View Essay1938 Words   |  8 Pagesof every other individual. The above could probably be used for a pro-life position. The pro-life arguments, which are against abortion, are the following: 1. It is a murder to kill an innocent human being 2. A human fetus is an innocent human being 3. Therefore the conclusion is that it is a crime to kill a human fetus On the other side, we have perhaps a stronger argument and a more philosophical which is that although the f etus has some future rights to self-freedom, if it was the case that theRead MoreUtilitarian Ethics Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagesmatters of life and death. My objective is to address this issue working within a utilitarian framework. Research problem Utilitarianism is a moral theory that evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action depending on its consequences. The criteria for this evaluation is how the action impacts the well-being of those involved. To put it simply, utilitarianism is concerned with whether the action brings the best outcome for those affected by it (Visak, 2013: 19). Whilst utilitarianism allowsRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong?1682 Words   |  7 Pagesinfants and the mentally ill. With each side having a legitimate case to discredit the other, Marquis uses a different strategy to determine the morality of abortion. Marquis attempts to isolate the reasons/criteria that make killing a human adult morally wrong, and apply the reasoning/criteria to abortions in order to determine the moral status of abortion. After proposing several explanations as to why killing is wrong, he concludes that killing is wrong because it is depriving people from activities

Cyber-Hate on Gender-Free-Samples for Students Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a report about "What are the main elements that have stimulated the spread of cyber-hate on gender? and what we should do to prevent cyber-hate?" Answer: Introduction According According to Goode et al. (2017), cyber-hate is defined as any use of electronic communication technology in a manner that spreads anti-Semitic, bigot, racist, terrorist, and extremist information, or messages. With the advancement in technology, the use of social media has become more of a basic need to the current generation, an aspect that exposes both men and women to the challenges of abuse and hatred that spread through the system. This paper examines and presents a clear research and discussion on the primary elements that globally stimulates the spread of cyber-hate on gender. It evaluates the background information of the concept, present findings, and suggest relevant recommendations on what needs to service providers need to do with the aim of combating cyber-hate not only on gender but even other related aspects. Background Analysis of cyber-hate In a systematic review, Ward (2016) points out that both male and female that in one way or another contributes to the public debates are often subjected to increasing cyber-hate and threats. Both members of the public and government officials have personal experience with the challenge, an aspect that is determined by different elements. For instance, Mr. Ellan, a Norwegian Minister of health, was at the forefront of introducing a policy on smoking, an issue that was globally considered one of the most stringent global legislating on smoking. It is an aspect that triggered a session to which he was subjected to personal threats and harmful comments from the public. Like Mr, Ellan, cyber-hate has been experienced by many other people across all cultures as supported by Sandercock (2015). In the decades that have passed, Goode et al. (2017) assert that cyber-hate is a growing problem in the society, an aspect that has been triggered with the advancement of technology across every industry and lifestyle activities. Cyber-hate is known to be characterized by the spread of rumors, threats, and slander by gender identity, religious beliefs, gender identity, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Zweig et al. (2013) also denote that the growing reach of the Internet, the rapid spread of communication technologies and mobile communication, as well as the widespread social media, have presented new opportunities for businesses but also promotes cyber-hate on gender. Such platforms have been adopted for spreading the news of the rights of women and the girl child in the society, a strategy that has seen technology inflict harm on girls and women. As a result, cyber-hate is emerging as a world problem with serious implications for the economies and societies around the world. Methods The study adopts the survey questionnaire targeting the public and social media managers for different internet providers. The survey was conducted among 15 public participants and five private social media managers for different business organizations. The survey adopts open-ended questions that are focused on understanding the following aspects; What elements promote cyber-hate among different genders? What steps do the internet providers recommend in dealing with issues of digital violations such as cyber-hate? Understanding of the public on the terms and conditions governing their usage of the internet The study also reviews different journal publications as the primary means of collecting information. As a secondary source of information, the paper evaluates different literature studies in the various aspects that directly or indirectly relates to cyber-hate and gender in the current society. The paper will evaluate the different issues and suggestions under the subject cyber-hate, an aspect that will provide more information on the development of technology and its impacts on the society. Results In reviewing various internet service providers, the results show that many sites such as YouTube allow users to flag any offensive content for review. Such sites allow the users to comment on why they thought the communication could be considered as cyber-hate or it is an offensive statement. In such cases, users are expected to include details of comments as to why they have the view of the item of communication to be cyber-hate. The management of such social sites encourages the public to speak by posting comments, videos, and counter viewpoints that oppose the offensive view that leads to cyber-hate. With such a strategy, they aim at ensuring that the social networking community understands a competing perspective of cyber-love and positivity in promoting unity and oneness among the different genders in the global society. Table 1: Views of the internet providers in combating cyber-hate Think Perspective is very essential, an aspect that requires every individual to think before acting. In the process, act or respond in a thoughtful and careful manner that do not become offensive to the rest. Applaud The fight against cyber-hate is for everyone in the community. As a result, we should not forget to post positive comments on every content that shares positive messages. Learn There are many groups that publish information concerning combating certain kinds of prejudice such as anti-Semitism from Anti-Defamation sources. Talk Talk and share with friends and families on the need of fight against cyber-hate. Act Take active role in combating prejudice offline and online cyber-hate communication. Know It is the responsibility of every user to have a clear understanding of the community he or she is dealing with in the use of the internet. Evaluate and understand the terms of service or provides community guidelines for finding more information about the site the provider is running. In that manner, it is possible for the user to hold accountable the sites for their own words. The result also proved that out of the 15 participants, only two always take their time in reading and understanding the terms and conditions governing the use of internet services they engage in while communicating with other peers of just commenting on the internet staff. 100% of the participants have also experienced cyber-hate due to different aspects of communication and topic of discussion at that time. According to them, politics, rights of women in the society, and position in the society were the primary element that promoted cyber-hate. Discussion While reviewing different publications, it is evident that the adoption of technological advancements in various aspects has provided groundbreaking business and life advantages. The global population has information and opportunities that cannot be underestimated due to the use of the internet (Dank, 2014). For instance, the video, internet, and music sharing sites, mobile phones, and social media have changed the socio-economic aspects of the world. However, Wright and Li (2012) point out that this ubiquitous information technology has also become a platform for hate, bigotry, and vitriolic language among the global community. Goode et al. (2017) point out that cyber-hate has become a primary concern due to its impact on individuals, society, and online community; especially on specific gender depending on the element of the discussion. The following elements were pointed out as major contributors to cyber-hate among genders in the society. Impersonation- technology is used to assume the identity of specific victims with the aim of accessing private information, shame or embarrass a victim, create fraudulent documents for identity, or contact targeted victims. Such aspects have led to sending emails from the victim's email accounts and making calls using unknown numbers. Spamming- the internet is being used to threaten, annoy, contact continuously, or scare victims. This is used especially on women advocating for change on issues that are against the male counterparts such as was against female genital mutilation, rights of women, policy changes, etc. The aim of this strategy is to ensure persistent calls and texts or filling up voicemail with messages that lives no other person with space to contact the victim (Chan, Ghose, Seamans, 2016). Unemployment and online recruitments- the internet is being used in luring potential victims into violent situations such as fraudulent advertisements and postings including employment opportunities and dating sites. Bradley et al. (2016) denotes that the result is to find out the truth of traffickers using chat rooms, websites for communication, and message boards. This has lowered many girls and young men into sex slavery. Politics- the internet is used by different political figures to spread hate messages about their opposition counterparts. It is experienced in many cases when women take part in political positions as a strategy to frighten than to step down in favor of their male counterparts. In such cases, defamatory and hate messages are manipulated while illegal materials relating to the victim are used to threaten or leak private information that can be used successfully to politically eliminate a competitor (Hwang et al., 2016). In a systematic study, Elpus and Carter (2016) point out that cyber-hate often have a clear and essential gender-based dimension. Most women are often exposed to rape threats and sexualized hatred just because they are seen and heard advocating for the rights of their female counterparts in the community. There are also victims of cyber-rape and revenge pornography with the aim of humiliating and objectifying certain individuals and destroy their reputation for making them feel vulnerable, afraid, and ashamed. Recommendation strategies that can be adapted to prevent cyber-hate The internet industry, as well as the respective service providers, need to recognize the moral and social responsibility aspect in combating cyber-hate. The service providers, as well as the social networking sites, need to generate content sites that recognize and address the vital role coming with facilitating communication. It should take effect even in case of an unintended side-effect of otherwise legitimate or extremely valuable work. According to Walters and Tumath (2014), the first imperative in the elimination of cyber-hate in gender is prevention. The changing social norms and attitudes are the first more to shifting the way online abuse is evaluated and understood as a serious challenge. In other words, even though violence is not new, cyber-hate is an aspect that needs to be recognized and addressed by the public as an issue of priority. As a result, sensitization to cyber-hate on gender needs to include education of the next generation of ICT users both male and female through their teachers, parents, and the community in overall. These strategies also need to involve the justice systems and police authorities. It is also recommended for internet service providers to implement or put in place safeguards that can secure a safe digital space. Sandercock (2015) denotes that over the years, steps on fighting gender violence have evolved around adopting crisis centers, education helplines, and women shelters. In light of the new cyber-hate complexity in the society, it is recommended that the digital world adopts safety measures with the aim of keeping up with the rapidly evolving internet. However, such a strategy will require active participation, attention, and resources from the industry, governments, and civil societies. Addressing cyber-hate also requires a multi-level approach such as sanctions to address the issue. Sanctions need to address the regulations, ability, and will of the legal systems and courts in enforcing compliance as well as punitive consequences for any perpetrators. The establishment id necessary laws are a straight goal, but the problem often comes with the aspect of effective implementation. However, Ward (2016) denotes that sanctions on their own are not in a position to accord, set, or define the societal norms, remedy injuries, or deter unlawful activities that promotes cyber-hate. Therefore, the challenge requires broad-based action from the society that engages all the stakeholders as a part of the solutions. It will be adopted as a mere legal agenda of reform that is centered on perpetrators and abusers with the aim of limiting both its impact and reach. Conclusion From the study, it is evident that cyber-hate is a growing concern as a result of the impacts it has on communities, online societies, and individuals. Many online global companies are focused on striking a balance between ensuring the safety of the online community and protecting the individual expression. Every member of the society hence has the responsibility of fighting cyber-hate among every gender in the society, an aspect that should be adopted both in academic institutions and legal systems to ensure the community lives in harmony in the online and offline usage of internet. References Bradley, D. F., Grubbs, J. B., Uzdavines, A., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I. (2016). Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography among Religious Believers and Nonbelievers.Sexual Addiction Compulsivity,23(2/3), 225-243. doi:10.1080/10720162.2016.1162237. Cartwright, B. (2017). Cyberbullying And "The Law Of The Horse:" A Canadian Viewpoint.Journal Of Internet Law,20(10), 14-26. Chan, J., Ghose, A., Seamans, R. (2016). The Internet And Racial Hate Crime: Offline Spillovers From Online Access.MIS Quarterly,40(2), 381-404. Dank, M. m., Lachman, P., Zweig, J., Yahner, J. (2014). Dating Violence Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth.Journal Of Youth Adolescence,43(5), 846-857. Elpus, K., Carter, B. A. (2016). Bullying Victimization Among Music Ensemble and Theatre Students in the United States.Journal Of Research In Music Education,64(3), 322-343. doi:10.1177/0022429416658642 Goode, S., Hoehle, H., Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A. (2017). User Compensation As A Data Breach Recovery Action: An Investigation Of The Sony Playstation Network Breach.MIS Quarterly,41(3), 703-A16. Hwang, J., Lee, H., Kim, K., Zo, H., Ciganek, A. P. (2016). Cyber neutralisation and flaming.Behaviour Information Technology,35(3), 210-224. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2015.1135191 Sandercock, T. (2015). Transing the small screen: loving and hating transgender youth in Glee and Degrassi.Journal Of Gender Studies,24(4), 436-452. doi:10.1080/09589236.2015.1021307 Walters, M. A., Tumath, J. (2014). Gender 'Hostility', Rape, and the Hate Crime Paradigm.Modern Law Review,77(4), 563-596. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12079 Chambers-Jones, C. (2013). Policing Cyber Hate, Cyber Threat and Cyber Terrorism.International Journal Of Police Science Management,15(1), 74-75. doi:10.1350/ijps.2013.15.1.302 Ward, L. M. (2016). Media and Sexualization: State of Empirical Research, 19952015.Journal Of Sex Research,53(4/5), 560-577. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1142496 Wright, M. F., Li, Y. (2012). Kicking the Digital Dog: A Longitudinal Investigation of Young Adults' Victimization and Cyber-Displaced Aggression.Cyberpsychology, Behavior Social Networking,15(9), 448-454. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0061 Zweig, J. j., Dank, M. m., Yahner, J. j., Lachman, P. p. (2013). The Rate of Cyber Dating Abuse Among Teens and How It Relates to Other Forms of Teen Dating Violence.Journal Of Youth Adolescence,42(7), 1063-1077.

Process Capability and Statistical Process Control Essay Sample free essay sample

1. What is your Analysis of the bag-weight job? Refer to the instance. Quality control analysis for this instance will be conducted via X-charts and R-charts. X-charts is to command the cardinal inclination of the procedure. for this instance we refer to the weight of 50-pound bags of handling agents R-charts is to command the scattering of the procedure. for this instance we refer to the scope of weigh or difference between maximal weight and minimal weight of the bag. From the analysis of jobs. based on the computations taken from all three displacements over three yearss. we can see that the mean weights. scopes. upper and lower bounds have been out of control. The job Begin when Wet-Land Drilling. Inc. had filed a ailment that the bags it received from Bayfield were short-weight. harmonizing to old direct the weight of the bags used to be 50 lbs. nevertheless the new reachings show a weight of 47. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Capability and Statistical Process Control Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5 lbs per bag. doing a struggle to the company. The company present the job as a increased of demand. engaging new employees with a deficiency of preparation. new employees occupy the dark displacement. where old employees check the production. nevertheless the dual checking of the bag still a job to the company. First of all we need to analyse and happen the mistakes the procedure could hold. caused by the increased of demand and a deficiency of control due the old employees. for the analysis I will utilize the Statistical Process Control ( SPC ) . ?Statistical procedure control ( SPC ) involves utilizing statistical techniques to mensurate and analyse the fluctuation in procedures. Most frequently used for fabrication procedures. the purpose of SPC is to supervise merchandise quality and maintain procedures to fixed marks. Statistical quality control refers to utilizing statistical techniques for mensurating and bettering the quality of procedures and includes SPC in add-on to other techniques. such as trying programs. experimental design. fluctuation decrease. procedure capableness analysis. and process betterment programs. ? ( dependability. sandia. gov. Statistical Process Control ) We have and average of 50 lb from older cargo. this is the right weight that the bags should hold so. X=50. besides we have a standard divergence of 1. 2 which is besides the coveted degree. so o=1. 2. for the finding ofthe bags we need to decide this expression [ pic ] 0. 489 and a 99. 73 % assurance interval Z = 3: UCL= x+ 3?x=50+3 ten 0. 4899=51. 4697 LCL= x – 3?x=50-3 ten 0. 4899=48. 5303 The Percentage of Bags with Average Weight within Control Limits ( Per Shift ) Day Shift†¦

Student Retention in Learning Institutions

Conjugate Base - Chemistry Definitions Terms

Conjugate Base - Chemistry Definitions Terms Conjugate Base Definition The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory includes the concepts of conjugate acids and conjugate bases. When an acid dissociates into its ions in water, it loses a hydrogen ion. The species that is formed is the acids conjugate base. A more general definition is that a conjugate base is the base member, X-, of a pair of compounds that transform into each other by gaining or losing a proton. The conjugate base is able to gain or absorb a proton in a chemical reaction. The conjugate acid donates the proton or hydrogen in the reaction. In an acid-base reaction, the chemical reaction is: Acid Base â‡Å' Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid Key Takeaways: Conjugate Base Conjugate acids and bases are part of the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.According to this theory, the species that donates a hydrogen cation or proton in a reaction is a conjugate acid, while the remaining portion or the one that accepts a proton or hydrogen is the conjugate base.The conjugate base may be recognized as an anion. Conjugate Base Examples The  general chemical reaction between a conjugate acid and a conjugate base is: HX H2O ↔ X− H3O In an acid-base reaction, you can recognize the conjugate base because it is an anion. For hydrochloric acid (HCl), this reaction becomes: HCl H2O ↔ Cl− H3O Here, the chloride anion, Cl−, is the conjugate base. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 forms two conjugate bases as hydrogen ions are successively removed from the acid: HSO4- and SO42-.

Alexander the great Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alexander the great - Assignment Example Within his lifetime as king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was the one person who was able to build and reign over among the greatest empires and kingdoms in the history of mankind. He was only a young man of when he inherited his father’s kingdom, yet he became greater than many of the kings and emperors combined. â€Å"Thus, at the age of twenty Alexander inherited the kingdom of Macedonia, beset as it was by great jealousy, bitter hatred, and dangers on every side. (Freeman 39) Although immediately faced with troubles from every aspect, he was able to, at a young age, rule his kingdom wisely, powerfully and effectively. The size of his empire is evidence enough to prove that Alexander indeed was a force of greatness and good, yet his character also provides proof of his genius, intelligence and powerful command over his subjects. He had the great capacity and skill to gather power and overthrow a much stronger force. This strength and intelligence was greatly influenced by the teachings of Aristotle that prepared him to become the great king that he was. â€Å"To those who lived to see Alexander in Asia, this event foreshadowed many occasions on which his independence, intelligence and courage brought triumph after triumph.† (Hammond 146) Aside from the massive empire that Alexander ruled before he even reached the age of 33, he was also the catalyst of the conglomeration of the Greek culture and the other cultures in other nations such as Persian, Indian, and Egyptian cultures. This conglomeration of different cultures is known as the Hellenistic culture. During the Hellenistic Period, there was an outpouring of developments in the arts including literature, sculpture, architecture, music, theater and stage play. It also encompassed advancements in science, astrology, cosmology and mathematics. This era also underwent a time of heterogeneity. In place of considering and

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The Production of Fashion - Essay Example The essay "The Production of Fashion" focuses on the alteration of the characteristics of fashion industry under the influence of branding, as related to the changes on consumer preferences worldwide. The review of appropriate literature has revealed that brands developed in the fashion industry have led to the differentiation of the industry’s trends, including the use of superseded garments. It is also proved that the structure and the characteristics of the fashion system allow the expansion of the above trend: by focusing on increase of their profitability, industry’s brands had to increase productivity, even if quality was decreased, more or less. Moreover, it could be supported that the increase of demand worldwide would not allow the industry’s brands to follow a different strategy, an issue that it is critically discussed below. The fashion industry, as part of the economy, is quite complex. Apart from a system for the achievement of profits, the fashion industry can be also characterized as a framework for the development of culture. In this context, the industry’s development is not an easy task. Influenced by economic recessions and changes in consumption trends, the fashion industry has suffered strong pressures that have caused the limitation of the industry’s profitability. For example, reference can be made to ‘the industry’s workforce in the UK for the period 1996-1997 which was estimated to 150,000 workers’, a number rather low if taking into consideration the size of the particular market.

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Is Heterosexuality Socially Constructed?

Is Heterosexuality Socially Constructed? ‘Heterosexuality is socially constructed. Discuss Not only heterosexuality, but the very word, has changed in the way it is understood. I begin this essay with a clarification of terms, discussing what is understood by sexuality and gender and the implications of constructivist views. From this it is natural to move on to a discussion of labelling theory, of the effects of heteronormativity and of homovisibility, noting Foucaults recognition of positive implications in terms of difference. Finally, I consider how arguments against heteronormativity might be answered, in part, by Foucault. Constructionists hold human behaviour is socially constructed, by the environment in which people live. They do not consider human behaviour to be innate or immutable, as they believe human behaviour is shaped by their social context throughout their lives. They hold that sexuality is also socially constructed and sexual behaviour to be a product of socio-cultural conditioning. Sexual meanings are not universal absolutes, but are subject to historical and cultural variation. (DeLamater, Hyde, 1998, p.16) Constructionists regard the meaning of a sexual act as dependent solely on the cultural, historically specific context in which it occurs; they believe that sexuality is expressed in many different forms across a variety of different cultures in many countries. A sexual act in one country might not be construed as sexual in another. (Weeks, 1991. p. 20) This is evident in the anthropological study of a tribe in New Guinea. It is part of this tribes cultural belief that masculinity can be transmitted by insemination of semen to a young boy, either anally or orally, by an older male. (Herdt, 1984 p.165) In western society this could be perceived as a homosexual act, or, for essentialists, used as evidence of universality. But for constructionists this behaviour cannot be generalised to the larger population; constructionists suggest that labelling these acts as homosexual is incorrect as the tribe do not apply the same meaning to these acts as in western culture: to impose the same understanding as in the west would be ethnocentric. (Gergen, K. 1999. p. 26) Social constructionists want to chart ways that the meanings of sexual desires shift throughout history. Social constructionists regard sexual desire as contingent, not biologically determined as viewed by essentialists. (Warner, 1993 p.45) Michel Foucault (1981) works analyzed the history of sexuality from ancient Greece to the modern era. Foucault articulated how profoundly understandings of sexuality can vary across time and space. This is demonstrated by how the prevalence of what we now term heterosexuality has varied over the centuries and also from culture to culture. This is discussed by Foucault, who also notes that, although sexual behaviours in ancient societies resemble what we today see as homosexual/ heterosexual behaviour, the terms are not congruent with ancient societies. For example the ancient Greeks did not have terms or concepts that correspond to the contemporary dichotomy of ‘heterosexual and ‘homosexual therefore to this different historical context the modern terminology cannot be accurately applied. (Foucault, 1981, p.89) Constructionists aim to gain a deeper understanding of sexual phenomena and are not primarily interested in the first cause of sexual orientation: they look at understanding the ways in which differences in sexual behaviour are ‘produced by social processes in a particular social context. Constructionists aim to understand how we express and organise sexuality and why labels of difference in specific areas have been invented in some cultures and not others; why a particular culture accepts one form of sexual expression and not another; and how heteronormativity has come to dominate modern western society. (DeLamater, Hyde, 1998, p.10) These important questions I will investigate in my essay. Constructionists can identify many historical contexts where individuals have engaged in same-sex relations, but it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that terminology labelled categories of sexual acts as specifically either heterosexual or homosexual. They suggest, therefore, that these terms contributed to the construction of sexuality in the western modern era. (Katz, 1995, p.45) Ned Katz is an important figure in the sexuality studies and he supports the constructionists argument. In The Invention of Heterosexuality (1995) he looks at how the meaning of the term heterosexuality changes throughout time. Katz notes that the term heterosexuality (Heterosexualità ¤t) was first used in 1868 by German-Hungarian journalist, Karl Maria Kertbeny, not long after the term homosexuality was coined by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. Heterosexuality made its first published appearance in English in a medical publication in 1869. (Katz, 1995, p.40) At first, the term heterosexuality was not used as homosexuals binary opposite but was used to describe abnormal manifestations of the sexual appetite, either same sex or opposite sex, which did not conform to social norms that held that sex was for procreation. At one time the term ‘sodomite had a similar meaning, this term was applied to people engaged in specific non-procreative sex acts, and related to the activity rather than their holistic sexual identity. (Katz, 1995, p.45) This distinction between the activity performed by someone who, among many other things, does that (a baker bakes, and a sodomite sodomises) and a person defined in a particular way regardless of activity (a woman, a Jew) is now largely lost in contemporary use of gender labels, which now seem inescapable. Furthermore Katz suggests that in the 1920s the term was revisited in the second edition of the publication: ‘heterosexuality was then used to describe a manifestation of sexual passion for one of the opposite sex; normal sexuality. (Katz, 1995, p.42) This term became well established and was used by Freud to describe normal sexuality. However this adaptation, used by scientists and physicians, signifies the start of heteronormativity as it suggests that sexual passion for the opposite sex was normal, healthy and superior influencing the rise of what Rich terms compulsory heterosexuality. (1994, p.45) Creating this distinction between normal and abnormal sexual preferences encouraged scientists and physicians to seek cures for those considered abnormal, thus compromising the liberty of the segregated and aggrandising the professional who diagnosed deviance. (Rivkin and Ryan: 1998, p.670) This was supported by Foucault, who writes that â€Å"it was this categorisation of homose xuality that first exposed the hitherto unfettered and unmonitored human sexual desire to scientific scrutiny and classification† (Rivkin and Ryan, 1998, p.677). Katz suggests that If homosexuals were to win society-wide equality with heterosexuals, thered be no reason to distinguish them. (Katz, 1995, p.52) Furthermore, he holds that if homosexuals and hetrosexual do win society- wide equality [†¦] the homosexual/heterosexual distinction would be retired from use, just as it was once invented. (Katz, 1995, p.52) The term heteronormativity was coined by Michael Warner, to contest the elemental form of human association (Warner, 1993, p.21). This term describes how society has been dominated by heteronormative behaviour through the prevalence of ‘compulsory heterosexuality. Warner suggests that heterosexuality has become an institutionalised form of normative social practice. (p.22) Heteronormativity describes the dominating societal norms that shape individuals behaviour, pressuring the individual to conform to accepted cultural forms. This suggests some discomfort and constraint, finely distinguished from Foucaults suggestion that â€Å"the individual is not repressed by social order; the individual is in fact formed by it (Foucault: 1981, p.217). Heteronormativity has consequences for that minority who do not comply with normative society, for example homosexual, bisexual, transsexual, and intersexual people; individuals who deviate from atypical accepted heteronormativity are liable to heterosexism as they face prejudice and discrimination by some in the conforming proportion majority. (Warner, 1993, p.23) Heteronormativity has been reinforced by religious beliefs, partly through the prevalence of Christianity in western culture. The major western faiths reject homosexuality and elevated heterosexuality as the only accepted sexual preference. Although there have been disagreements on interpretation of the bible, the influence of institutional faith has largely underpinned heteronormativity. (Warner, 1993, p.27) Heteronormativity is demonstrated at the moment of birth: individuals are quickly assigned to a sex category dependent on their sexual organs and therefore expected to conform to social gender roles. The power and dominance of heteronormativity is apparent when intersexual babies, with both male and female sex organs, are born. Intersexuals do not conform to normal categories and this deviance generates such anxiety that some intersex babies have surgery shortly after birth to assign their sexual organs and their gender to either a male or female sex category obviously without their consent. (Dreger, 1998, p.45) This demonstrates the extent in which heteronormativity has come to dominate modern western society. This type of operation has been reported to cause problems with sexual pleasure in later life. This begs the question, is conforming to heteronormativity necessary if it conflicts with personal preference or if it has negative implications for the individual? Hetronormativity can be challenged by increaseing homovisability, Societal visability of gay couples, gay teachers, or even open conversation about homosexuality can reduce the dominance of hetronormativity (Dreger, 1998, p.44) Judith Butler (1991) challenges heteronormative views in her publication Imitation and Gender through challenging binary sexual (and gender) categories, thus demoting heterosexualitys dominance, reducing its normative power by increasing homovisibility and awareness of alternative sexual orientation, which in turn makes alternative sexual preferences more socially acceptable. She holds that sexual identities and desires are constantly changing: sexual expression is intertwined with societal power relations. (p.727) For example, in ancient Greece, in determining sexual preference the gender of a partner was less significant than whether or not someone took the active or passive role in sexual relations. This demostrates how power relations are intertwined into sexuality. Similar influences are also at work in contemporary stereotypes as womon are frequently portrayed as the passive sexual partner and men the active partner, however this perception is changing. (Dover, 1989. p.89). Butler suggests that hetronormativity is reinforced through socio-cultural conditioning and also via the transmitting of visual culture which promotes hetero-visability and homo-invisability. This notion is supported by Richard Dyer (1993), who holds that contemporary cinema plays a vital role in maintaining heteronormativity (p.726) Butler also investigates gender categories, and the implications categories of difference have on gender identity and gender roles. Butler argues that men and woman are essentially the same apart from different organization of sexual organs and, as a feminist; she defends individuals rights to equality. Foucault would support this as he would argue that our habit of categorising the world in a ‘gendered way is itself a social construction. He states that when you view the world through the lens of gender differences, gender differences will be found. (McNay, 1992, p.121) Butler (1991) believes that gender like sexuality is socially constructed. She suggests that gender is not something we are, but something we do. She holds that individuals play out a role that is socially enforced upon them through social conditioning. Gender roles assigned at birth are based on individuals biological sex; this gender role is played throughout individuals lives. (p.720) Furthermore, Butler like Katz, holds that heteronormativity could not exist without the categorisation made by terms of difference and therefore questions the whole purpose of their invention. (p.723) While the theories already discussed recognise the power of categorisation and a norm Foucault is more explicit about the political effects of consciousness. Foucault, in History of Sexuality (1981), challenged essentialist assumptions, and his ideas have been important in the constructionist approach to sexuality. Foucault suggests that the way that individuals are categorised by difference is part of a larger social discourse that is representative of the power relationships within society. Foucault holds that these power relations are constantly changing depending on historical and cultural context and that there are also positive implications to the generation of terms of difference. These terms can provide recognition and power to people otherwise invisible, and provide leverage for visibility, a source of pride and political power in order to fight for their right to equality. He suggests that segregating homosexuals in this way heightens homo-visibility, and homosexuals feel p art of a collective who can create their own subcultures, fighting the dominance of heteronormativity. (p.67) Increased homovisability can be demonstrated by the gay liberation movement in the Stonewall protests, and the extent of popular support for the London Lighthouse. All constructivists hold that heterosexuality is socially constructed: indeed, all behaviour is product of socio-cultural conditioning. Similarly, all hold that heterosexually is a social construct that is culturally and historical dependent on the social context in which the term is used. Ned Katz, in particular, looks at the evolution of the term heterosexual and demonstrates the way the meaning of the term has changed throughout time, supporting the constructivists claim that sexuality is historically and culturally contingent. (Katz, 1995, p.52) With such consensus, what evidence is there to the contrary? Firstly, essentialists suggest that homosexual and heterosexual acts are historically consistent. This argument seems to be supported by Darwins evolutionary theory that holds heterosexuality is essential for reproduction and the continuation of the species, and that there is regularity and consistency in some patterns of sexual behaviour, displayed across space and time. This might seem a strong criticism of the constructionist position as it suggests that sexuality is rooted in our biological nature rather than a product of social conditioning. Secondly, another question that must be asked of constructionists is that, if those who are considered deviant face heterosexism and discrimination, why would they choose to come out and face the negative implications of a homophobic society? Also, the constructionist suggestion that all behaviour is a product of social conditioning can also be questioned, as it fails to explain why transexuals seek gender reasignment. Finally, the construct ionist argument cannot account for those who generally believe that they are born with the biological sex organs that do not correspond with their psychological sex. Paradoxically, perhaps Foucault provides an answer to the final two questions as, although he agrees the terms heterosexual and homosexual are of modern construction and therefore cannot be used to describe same sex or opposite sexual relations that have existed before the modern era, he also suggests that labels of difference have positive implications for the segregated: a shared label is a collective identity, providing them with the public visibility need to fight for equality. People might suffer prejudice, but the reality of their experience is recognised and endorsed by the labels of difference. Bibliography Berger, P, Luckmann, T (1966) The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and theSubversion of Identity. New York: Routledge. Butler, Judith (1991) ‘Imitation and Gender Insubordination, Literary Theory: An Anthology, Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (Eds) London, Blackwell Publishing, 1998 Clausen, J (1996) Beyond Gay or Straight: Understanding Sexual Orientation, Chelsea: House Publishers. DeLamater, JD, Hyde, JS (1998), Essentialism vs. social constructionism in the study of human sexuality, Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 35 p.16 Dover, KJ (1978, 1989) Greek Homosexuality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Dreger, AD (1998) Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex, Cambridge, (MA): Harvard University Press Dyer, Richard (1993) The Matter of Images, London: Routledge Foucault, M (1981) The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction, London, Pelican. Gergen, Kenneth J (1999). An invitation to social construction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Halwani, R (1998) Essentialism, Social Constructionism, and the History of Homosexuality, Journal of Homosexuality, Vol. 35. p.89 Herdt, G (1984). Rituals of manhood: Male initiation in New Guinea. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Herdt, G (1993) Mistaken sex: Culture, Biology and the Third Sex in New Guinea. In: Gilbert Herdt (ed.), Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and in History, New York: Zone Books Katz, Jonathan Ned (1995) The Invention of Heterosexuality. New York, NY: Dutton (Penguin Books). Laqueur, T (1990) Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, (MA): Harvard University Press McNay, L (1992) Foucault and Feminism: Power, Gender and the Self, Cambridge, Polity Press. Plummer, Ken (1995) Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change and Social Worlds: London Rich, Adrienne (1994) Compulsory heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence Blood, Bread, and Poetry. Norton Paperback: New York 1994 Richardson, Diane (1996) Theorising Heterosexuality: Telling it Straight, Buckingham: Open University Press Rivkin, Julie and Ryan, Michael (1998) (Eds) Literary Theory: An Anthology, Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (Eds) London, Blackwell Publishing, 1998 Warner, Michael (1993), Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Weeks, Jeffrey (1991), Against Nature, London: Rivers Oram Press Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Introduction Fetal alcohol syndrome is a set of birth defects caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The occurrence of FAS varies from 0.5 to 3.0 per 1,000 live births. However, it can be much higher depending on the community; low socioeconomic status and race seem to be a contributing factor in those who are most at risk. (play therapy) The prevalence of FAS is thought to be underestimated for several reasons. This includes the physical features are often understated and difficult to recognize, a lack of clinical expertise, and the stigma that comes with maternal alcohol use. So not only do these mothers report their alcohol use less, clinicians may also be reluctant to ask women about their alcohol use (Jones). Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading nonhereditary cause of mental retardation and specific facial abnormalities and altered growth. (Prenatal exposure to alcohol, 2000). Not all children who are exposed to alcohol get FAS. This suggests that there must be a critical does of alcohol and a sensitive period in the development of the fetus. Description The effects of exposure to alcohol are referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This includes full-blown fetal alcohol syndrome, partial fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, and alcohol-related birth defects (Landgraf et al. 2013). â€Å"The amount of maternal alcohol consumption, the timing of consumption, and the duration all affect which level of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder a child is placed under† (Batshaw et al. 2013). Alcohol consumption in the first two months leads to more adverse affects on the fetus. Alcohol also negatively affects the fetus in certain ways in each trimester. In the first trimester brain cells are affected. In the second trimester the facial features are affected. Finally, in the third the hippocampus in the brain is affected. (play therapy)This is due to how much development still needs to occur and can be affected by the alcohol. A mother’s age may also have a play in whether FAS occurs. According t o O’Leary â€Å" the risk of impairment in offspring of women drinking five or more drinks per occasion at least weekly, is increased by 2-5 times when the mother is 30 years of age or older.† Alcohol crosses the placenta during pregnancy so it is known that they main reason for FAS is maternal alcohol consumption. However, paternal alcohol consumption may also pass on effects to the fetus from the sperm. History Fetal Alcohol syndrome was first reported in the United States in 1973. Eleven unrelated children, whose mothers continued to drink heavily during pregnancy, had similar patterns of growth deficiency and morphogenesis. After these reports, it was found that this connection was not a new observation. A committee to study drunkenness was formed in the 18th century of individuals in the British House of Commons. Their results were that infants born to alcoholic women had a â€Å"starved, shriveled, and imperfect look.† (Jones et al. 2010). Then in 1899, a doctor studied infants of alcoholic females. He recognized an increased frequency of early fetal and infant death in the infants. However, despite troublesome indications the medical community continued to disregard the issue. In the case in 1973, Dr. David Smith was asked by Dr. Shirley Anderson to come down to look at eight children who had been born to alcoholic mothers. These children came to the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at the King County Hospital due to Dr. Christie Ulleland’s interest in the area. One night, she was informed that an alcoholic woman was about to give birth so she went to find out everything she could about the effects of alcohol on fetal development and found that there was no information available (Jones et al. 2010). So she decided to learn everything she could about the topic. Over the next year she found eleven infants who had been born to alcoholic women. She then turned the children to the care of Dr. Anderson when another opportunity presented itself. Dr. Anderson then invited eight of those children to the outpatient clinic for the evaluation with Dr. Smith. As each child was examined a â€Å"specific pattern of malformations that included: microcephaly, short, pal pebral fissures, and a smooth philtrum† was noticed in half of the children (Jones et al. 2010). Soon after Dr. Smith’s â€Å"unknown files† were searched for, for the same three features. These files consisted of â€Å"hundreds of children with birth defects whom he had evaluated but had been unable to diagnose† (Jones et al. 2010). Two children were found to have the same features so their mother’s charts were studied and it was revealed that both children had been born to alcoholic women. As time went on more children were identified with the same features all to mother’s who were alcoholics. Since the initial findings it has been found that exposure to alcohol in the womb may produce a broad spectrum of defects which is now known as the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (Jones et al. 2010). Diagnosis There are many key features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; these can be grouped by growth retardation, characteristic facial features, and central nervous system abnormalities and dysfunction, structural or functional (O’Leary et al. 2004). These categories are used for in the diagnosis of a patient with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The patient must have at least one growth abnormality, all three characteristic facial features, and one functional or structural abnormality or the Central Nervous System (Landgraf et al. 2013). Liles states that â€Å"prenatal and postnatal deficiencies in height, weight, head circumference, brain growth, and brain size would all be included under growth retardation. A deficiency in height and weight is considered at or below the 10th percentile and head circumference is considered when below the third percentile.† According to Landgraf et al. (2013), the diagnosis of growth disturbances excludes â€Å"familial microsomia, constitutional developme ntal retardation, prenatal deficiency states, skeletal dysplasia, hormonal disorders, genetic syndromes, chronic diseases, malabsorption, malnutrition, and neglect.† The characteristic facial abnormalities that are used in diagnosis of FAS include a smooth philtrum (the groove between the upper lip and nose), short palpebral fissure length (shortened openings between the eyelids), and thin vermillion (the upper lip) (PLAY THERAPY). Functional impairments in the Central Nervous System are considered intellectual deficits when below the third or the 16th percentile in three of six areas: â€Å"cognitive or developmental abnormalities, insufficient executive functioning skills, motor functioning delays, inattention or hyperactivity, deficient social skills, or sensory, pragmatic language, or memory problems.† (Play therapy) Symptoms Along with the criteria for diagnosis, children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome have many other symptoms. Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have all been found to relate to alcohol exposure in infants. Spontaneous abortion is defined as fetal loss prior to 20 weeks of gestation. The reason for the death is usually unknown but certain risk factors are found in some cases. Evidence found, as early as 1980, suggested that drinking during pregnancy was associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion. Studies have been done that suggest that the risk is not increased unless at least three drinks per week are consumed. Stillbirth is when fetal loss occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. (PRENATAL EXPOSURE) Originally, studies suggested that an intake of 14 or more drinks per week was associated with stillbirth. Later a study found that more than five drinks per week could lead to a three times increased risk of stillbirth. Another study fo und a 40 percent increase in the possibility of stillbirth for women who consumed any amount of alcohol compared with those who did not. Exposure to alcohol also shown to be associated â€Å"placental dysfunction decreased placental size, impaired blood flow and nutrient transport, and endocrine changes.† (PRENATAL EXPOSURE) All which could result in stillbirth. Preterm birth is delivery occurring before 37 weeks of gestation. Researchers found it difficult to study the trend between preterm birth and maternal alcohol due to small sample sizes, insufficient assessment of alcohol exposure, and unreliable gestational date among other factors. However, some studies have been completed and one found that 10 or more drink per week may lead to three times increased risk for preterm delivery. There is no known reason why Sudden Infant Death Syndrome occurs. However, there are many theorized reasons including prenatal alcohol exposure. Although studies have been done, they are not reliable due to small sample sizes. (STILLBORN) According to Batshaw (2013) imaging studies found a decrease in brain volume and abnormalities of the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and other brain structures. The death of certain cells may be responsible for a small size of the cerebellum. The corpus callosum sometimes fails to even develop in something children with FAS. Autopsies of brains also included malformations of the gray and white matter regions of brain tissue and failure of cells to migrate during brain development to the correct position. An infant’s cry is another characteristic which can be affected by exposure to alcohol. Research has found that the intensity, time between a stimulus and infant’s cry, and the pitch of the cry are significantly different in children who were exposed to alcohol than those who were not (PRENATAL EXPSOURE TO ALC). The infants may also have a weak sucking response. Children with FAS may have delayed intellectual development, neurological abnormalities, vision, hearing, and balance problems. These children also may have â€Å"heart and limb problems, sleep disturbances, jitteriness, trembling, heart disease, spina bifida, renal, orthopedic, dermatologic, connective tissue, and respiratory problems, as well as bedwetting, voluntary or involuntary passing of stools, tremors, seizures, echolalia, and schizophrenia.† (play therapy) Long Term Implications Many long term implications have been identified that affect children born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Many have oversensitivity to stimuli such as bright lights or sounds, certain smells, and even certain textures. Exposure to ethanol can also lead to ADHD and executive functioning deficits (Batshaw et al. 2013). A study has shown that 85 percent of children diagnosed with FAS also are diagnosed with ADHD (Liles). Organizing, sequencing, planning, and certain forms of abstract thinking are all tasks that are included in executive functioning. Those with problems in executive functioning are unable to be independent because they are unable to do daily tasks like getting dressed. Other long term implications include motor control. Most parents start seeing a delay in fine and gross motor skills by 12-13 months of age. Motor control is influence by the Central Nervous System. There are many functions that are involved in the CNS. The sensory organs including ears, eyes, and skin provi de feedback to the CNS, motor reactions and balance may be affected due to problems located in the inner ear (Prenatal exposure to alc). Communication delays including receptive and expressive language and hearing disorders are often common in children with FAS. Hearing disorders in children with FAS include auditory maturation, sensorineural hearing loss, and intermittent conductive hearing loss (o’leary). Children with FAS also have a wide range of behavior and developmental abnormalities. These children may be antisocial and one third of children exposed to alcohol prenatally show significant aggressive behavior. (O’Leary) Since these children experience social issues, it may result in an increased likelihood of depression, suicidal ideology, anxiety and panic attacks, and other various psychiatric disorders (Liles). With problems in communication, executive functioning, and social issues, among others, these children often experience lower cognitive ability. Many studies done show a high possibility for children with FAS have IQs that would place them in the category of mental retardation, an IQ lower than 70. They also have problems in â€Å"spelling, mathematics, and completion of carious classroom tasks.† (Liles) These individuals are more likely to drop out of school and have higher rates of drug and alcohol abuse, delinquency, and abnormal sexual behaviors (Landgraf et al. 2013). This shows the importance in the support and treatments child with FAS need. As children with FAS get older, the long term implications not only follow them to their adult life but also cause other problems. They may have mental health problems, become victims of crime, get into trouble with the law, or may not be able to live on their own. They may not be able to work which also means even if they have the ability to work, they do not have the resources to. The problems with social ability also may affect their potential to have intimate relationships. Treatments Treatments can be very important in helping those with FAS, so they are able to cope with daily living. According to the National Organization of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (2014) home intervention and early school intervention are important to help overcome issues an individual may be having. There are many services for individuals with FAS these include prenatal, birth to age 3, children 3-6 and school age, adolescents, and adults. Prenatal services are targeted at the mother; physicians should provide women with information about the effects of drinking during pregnancy. Since early intervention is so important for children with FAS a physician can recommend part C in IDEA. This allows for children birth to age 3 at risk of later developmental delay to receive services before meeting criteria eligibility. A stable and nurturing environment is critical for these children and so the family needs to be educated about the importance of caregiver attachment. (NOFAS) Once a child reaches the age of three, early intervention services stop and families are refereed to preschool handicapped programs or special needs preschool through Part B of IDEA. Unlike Part C, a child must be eligible for this program to receive services. This becomes a problem for some children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome because few meet the criteria. Categories they may qualify for include other health impairments, behavior disorder, or learning disorder. This allows for services such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, or social skills training (NOFAS). Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may have more prominent behavioral and mental health issues, so parents should not dismiss concerns they have. Adolescents with FAS miss out on skills like observational learning or basic maturity so vocational and transitional services are important. Giving them explicit instruction along with lifestyle support is important while in school to increase the possibility of a better outcome as an adult. Open communication and close supervision is incredibly important since adolescents with FAS often do not know appropriate boundaries or how to read subtle social cues. As an adult it may be difficult for those with FAS to receive services unless they have met the eligibility criteria before the age of 22. Adults living with FAS may qualify for Social Security Disability Benefits, Medicaid, and Section 8 Housing subsidies. (NOFAS) It is important at any age in the lifespan to have a routine for those living with FAS. The National Organization of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (2014) gives strategies for handling symptoms at each stage of life for those living with FAS. For infants, seeing specialists in areas is suggested to help with delays or a nutritionist for poor weight gain. Toddlers who are distracted easily may need a routine established or specific structure. School age children who have problems making and keeping friends may need to be paired with a child who is a year or two younger and need activities to be short and exciting. Parents of adolescence who are being victimized need to monitor the activities the children are engaging in. Adults living with FAS may also have difficulty obtaining or keeping jobs so looking into trade schools job training programs may be beneficial for them. (NOFAS) Although no studies have been done to see how play therapy can help children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, research has been done with children who have similar characteristics and behaviors; this includes but not limited to low self-esteem, aggression, and hyperactivity. This allows practitioners to help children with FAS (Liles et al. 2009). â€Å"Develop a more positive self-concept, assume greater self-responsibility, become more self-directing, become more self-accepting, become more self-reliant, engage in self-determined decision making, experience a feeling of control, become sensitive to the process of coping, develop an internal source of evaluation, and become more trusting of himself/herself† are recommendations during play therapy given by Liles for children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Conclusion Although, some say an occasional glass of wine won’t affect your baby, the best way to avoid FAS is to refrain from drinking while pregnant. Educating women and men on the risks of prenatal alcohol exposure is important. Medical practitioners should also be educated on new information that is found regarding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome so they can pass the information along to clients. For women who are trying to get pregnant refraining from drinking is crucial because the early stages of development are the most impacted by alcohol exposure. Individuals affected with FAS will have to deal with it their whole lives. Although treatments are available, the disorder is not curable. Early diagnosis is important so that support measures can be taken in the individuals’ environment which may help to avoid problems later in life. As information becomes available and technology increases more can be studied about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

How Globalization Effects Third World Countries Essay

Globalization refers to the ways in which capital; people, information and culture can now flow back and forth across national borders with a greater ease and greater rapidity than they had before this new phenomenon. Globalization, the growing integration of economies and societies around the world, was a word hardly used only a few years ago and now I doubt if there is a single country in the world where globalization isn’t being discussed. The global spread of the term is evidence that something very new is happening in the world but I’m not saying this new term is beneficial for all. This phenomenon has both positive and negative effects on third world countries but in the end it seems like only one party is benefiting, the rich. † The poor are thus being doubly denied their right to life first when the resources that sustain them are taken away from them in a free trade world, and then when the pollution and waste of the global economy are unequally and unjustly piled on them.† (Global Capitalism p.128)Though globalization has been one of the most hotly debated topics in international economics over the past few years there has been some bright sides. Rapid growth and poverty reduction in China, India, and other countries that were poor 20 years ago, has been a positive aspect of globalization. Another positive attribute according to Thomas l. Friedman, in his book, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, is globalization â€Å"increases the incentives for not making war in more ways than in any previous era in modern history.†Ã¢â‚¬  To begin, it is important to explain the meaning of The Lexus and the Olive Tree. The Lexus refers to technological advancement and growth, where the Olive Tree refers to traditional roots and stability. The basic premise of the book is the conflict between the two within cultures, economies, and individuals and how it if possible, at all, to bring the two camps together.† (Friedman p.31-34)But globalization has also generated significant international opposition over concerns that it has increased inequality and environmental degradation. The proponents of globalization cite numerous benefits to be gained by underdeveloped countries though greater access to the goods and services that transnational companies can provide. Anti-globalization activists, on the other hand, point to many examples in the developing world where globalization has robbed indigenous  populations of traditionally held land or water rights, disrupted cultural and social values, and disturbed lifestyles. Problem StatementWhat I intend to examine in this paper is the comparison trend of capitalism in the late 19th – early 20th century with the trend of globalization today. Explaining that globalization of the world economy has the potential to bring both great benefit and great hardship to third world populations, but like capitalism, globalization without proper checks and balances could become a runaway force, knowing no moral or ethical boundaries. Though globalization offers extensive opportunities for worldwide development, in my opinion this process is not progressing evenly. I intend to prove that the richest of 225 people in the world have a combined wealth equal to the annual income of the poorest 47% of the world’s individuals. (Joshua Karliner) Countries that have been able to integrate with other nations are seeing faster growth and reduced poverty. However, many nations have not been so fortunate, especially in developing areas. One in four individuals across the world lives in abject poverty, without access to adequate food, clean water, sanitation, essential healthcare or basic education services. This is both the principal moral issue facing the world as well as the utmost menace to the future security and stability of the planet. Many of today’s problems, such as war and conflict, mass migration, and environmental degradation are rooted in poverty and inequality. Yet if globalization resembles early capitalism, the rise of international anti-globalization organizations is beginning to resemble the early development of trade unions in the western world. While pro-globalization forces still consider these groups to be nothing more than a collection of cranks and misfits, incapable of understanding the global economy, there is growing evidence that these groups are becoming a force to be reckoned with:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the process of globalization also has created alliances once thought impossible. At the Seattle protests against the World Trade Organization in 1999 — and later at â€Å"anti-globalization† protests in Washington, DC, Los  Angeles, Prague and Quebec City — debt relief activists, Green party members, health care advocates, labor leaders, development economists, religious groups and hundreds of thousands of young people marched together.† (AlterNet par. 2) Interestingly, the same forces that facilitate economic globalization also greatly enhance the abilities of the anti-globalization faction to mobilize against it. Greater communication, Internet use, travel, and news dissemination allow activists around the world greater access to each other and greater knowledge of difficulties being faced in developing countries. Of particular interest is the timeliness of the broadcast of information, this sometimes allowing activists to slow or stop projects, rather than just criticize them after the fact. Globalization can also put a spotlight on issues of international and local justice, giving people access to supporters that was never before available and helping to advertise problems that in earlier times would never have been picked up by the media. Thus it seems possible that while developing countries very often have governments that actively promote the most ugly aspects of globalization, or are at least powerless to prevent them, the rising tide of grass-roots activism shared by both the developed and developing worlds may, in fact, be the beginning of an organization with the ability to curb and regulate globalization. In order to have a clear understanding of globalization’s impact on third world and the developing world, it is important to understand exactly what globalization means. When discussing globalization many make the mistake of assuming that it is a merely or even primarily an economic process. However, globalization also has political and social implications. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) sees globalization as an economic, and as a purely natural stage in human cultural and technological evolution stating:†Economic globalization is a historical process and the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people  (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders.† (IMF par. 6)The IMF also assumes that globalization, because it is a natural occurrence, is a good thing. From this point of view, the inequalities of wealth and poverty are the result of unequal globalization, and once that full globalization is reached, poorer countries will automatically benefit. The income gap between high-income and low-income countries has grown in recent decades. But it is wrong to jump to the conclusion that globalization has caused the divergence, or that nothing can be done to improve the situation. To the contrary: low-income countries haven’t been able to integrate with the global economy as quickly as others, partly because of their chosen policies and because of factors outside their control. No country, least of all the poorest, can afford to remain isolated from the world economy. Every country should seek to reduce poverty. The international community should endeavor by strengthening the international financial system through trade and through aid in order to help the poorest countries integrate into the world economy, grow more rapidly, and reduce poverty. That is the way to ensure all people in all countries have access to the benefits of globalization. (IMF par. 48)Objective OverviewMy main reason for writing this paper on globalization effects on third world countries is because I’m from a developing country, Grenada. Though it’s been many years sine I last visited my country of birth I’m still very interested in seeing this beautiful island successfully build up its economy. Also I want to be very much a cause of that development but I first needed to find out the general meaning of globalization and it’s effects on poverty stricken countries. As well as if globalization is helping or hindering my country as well as other developing nations. During my research I’ve gained a better understanding of globalizations cause and effects. The trends of globalization, rapid technological advancements, free trade and emergence of trading communities present challenges to Grenada’s developing economy. The Caribbean region as a whole is struggling with the reduction of international aid funds, due to relatively strong performance on the UN Human Development Index, at the same time that the region’s traditionally agricultural based economies are turning to tourism  for economic growth. In my opinion this hasn’t been enough for my country’s developing process. Agricultural production, primarily of bananas, cocoa, mace, and nutmeg, has historically been the largest sector of Grenada’s economy, providing the majority of employment and foreign exchange earnings. However, between 1987 and 2000 agriculture declined from 18.7% of GDP to 9.7%. The sector was plagued by problems throughout this period, including the loss of preferential trade agreements with the EC, a mealy bug infestation that devastated crops, the collapse of a nutmeg price agreement with Indonesia, and quality control problems that halted all banana exports. For example, â€Å"Critics point out that not only does the U.N. report depart from standard economic procedures like not correcting for price levels from country to country it hides numbers. Perhaps most egregiously, it compares gaps in income between the poorest and richest countries not individuals. Thus the economic circumstances of the citizens of tiny Grenada are put on a par with those of China, which has a population 12,000 times greater. Mistakes like these completely distort the record of globalization.† (The Rich Get Rich and Poor Get Poorer. Right? Let’s Take Another Look.) During the months after American invasion, which was beneficial, the mass organizations were dismantled, the labor unions were reorganized, over half of all medical personnel were expelled, investment and tax codes were revised to favor foreign investment, and cooperatives and states enterprises were sold to private interests. Billboards that had inspired the population to work for justice, equality, development and national sovereignty were quickly replaced by those designed to inspire them to buy American consumer products. The quality of life for most islanders deteriorated in the period following the invasion despite infusions of American aid. This is why I’m very interested in what globalization is doing for developing nations though I’m living a better life here; I’m still concerned in the countries progress. Although Grenada’s economy has been expanding, poverty is widespread. Though there is political freedom, the government is conservative and corrupt. And, in this era of neo-liberal globalization, the  island’s brief socialist experiment is but a fading memory. Lecture Review†The Era of Globalization† or is fast becoming the preferred term for describing the current times. Just as the Depression, the Cold War Era, the Space Age, and the Roaring 20’s are used to describe particular periods of history; globalization describes the political, economic, and cultural atmosphere of today. (Porter par. 3)Economic â€Å"globalization† is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. (Globalization: Threat or Opportunity? IMF par. 6) I didn’t particularly agree with the IMF’s take on Globalization but as I further researched the IMF’s views I began to understand them. Global free trade has caused worldwide environmental destruction in asymmetric pattern. The international economy is controlled by the corporations of the North who are increasingly exploiting Third World resources for their global activities. (Global Capitalism p.113) This is exactly how I feel about Grenada. Resources are being drained but nothing is going back into the country. The Vandana Shiva, author of this particular chapter in the book, really explains how I feel about globalization in Third World countries she further discuss,† It is the South that is disproportionately bearing the environmental burden of the globalised economy.†Joseph E. Stiglitz states,† IMF programs are typically dictated from Washington, and shaped by the short missions during which its staff members pore over numbers in the finance ministries and central banks and make themselves comfortable in five-star hotels in the capitals. There is more than symbolism in this difference: one cann ot come to learn about, and love, a nation unless one gets out to the countryside.†(Globalization and Its Discontents, p.24) He basically is saying the economist sent from the IMF should spend time in the country’s poorest areas not in the developed cities. I agree. He further says,† Statistic bear out what those who travel outside the capital see in the villages of Africa, Nepal, Mindanao, or Ethiopia; the gap between the poor and the rich has been growing, and even  the number in absolutely poverty-living on less than a dollar a day-has increased.†A question was asked of author Thomas L. Friedman in his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree by an Egyptian woman, â€Å"Does globalization mean we just leave the poor to fend for themselves?† he stated, â€Å"After enough such conversations I realized that most Egyptians-understandably-were approaching globalization out of a combination of despair and necessity, not out of any sense of opportunity. Globalization meant adapting to a threat coming from the outside, not increasing their freedoms. I also realized that their previous ideo logies-Arab nationalism, socialism, fascism or communism-while they may have made no economic sense, had a certain inspirational power. But globalism totally lacks this. When you tell a traditional society it has to streamline, downsize and get with the Internet, it is a challenge that is devoid of any redemptive or inspirational force. And that is why, for all of globalization’s obvious power to elevate living standards, it is going to be a tough, tough sell to all those millions who still say a prayer before they ride the elevator.†Concluding StatementsGlobalization has the potential to bring both great benefit and great hardship to developing nations and third world populations. Like capitalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, globalization without proper checks and balances could become a runaway force, knowing no moral or ethical boundaries. But capitalism has been somewhat tamed by a system of checks and balances that have grown from a variety of sources, including labor unions, activists, legal restrictions such as anti-trust laws, and such organizations as the FDA and SEC. While many people currently find globalization quite alarming due to its unregulated environment and the lack of restrictions on multi-national corporations, globalization carries within itself the very vehicle for its own regulation. Although formal international legal entities are still too weak to create lasting and enforceable legislation, the groundswell of public opinion is making itself felt. Internet use is putting activists in the developed world in direct contact with the developing world populations being most affected by globalization. Greater access to international travel allows protesters to be on hand and heard during meetings such as those of the WTO taking place in Seattle. The explosion of cable and online news services has made access to wide varieties of information easily available. Activists and protesters are able to reach investors, and investors are making their views heard through the buying and selling of stock. Just as runaway capitalism seemed untamable in the infancy of the labor movement, globalization now seems too monolithic an entity to ever be harnessed. It is possible, however, that the social, political, and legal results of today’s anti-globalization activism may provide enough safety measures that globalization can become primarily an agent of progress for all people. Whether this will happen in time to save developing countries from being socially and culturally overwhelmed, it is too early to say. BIBLOGRAPHY Porter, Keith. â€Å"What is Globalization?† Globalization Issues. About.com. Nov. 2002 http://globalization.about.com/library/weekly/aa080601a.htm. World Bank. Poverty in an Age of Globalization. Oct. 2000 http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/documents /povertyglobalization.pdf. Alternet.com. Globalization Overview. Nov. 2002 http://www.alternet.org/issues/globalization.html. Countries from A to Z. Grenada. The US Invasion of Grenada (2003). http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/grenada.htmhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/history/2003/10grenada.htmKarliner, Joshua. The Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in the Age of Globalization. 1997. Sierra Club Books. Longworth, R.C. â€Å"Globalization Survey Reveals U.S. Corporations Prefer Dictatorships.† GlobalExchange.org. Nov 19, 1999. http://www.globalexchange.org/economy/econ101/survey.htmlInternational Monetary Fund. â€Å"Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?† Apr. 12, 2000. http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm. Hutton, Will and Giddens, Anthony. (2000). Global Capitalism. The New York Press, New York2000. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2003). Globalization and Its Discontents. W.W, Norton & Company, Inc.,500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. ISBN 0-393-05124-2Friedman, Thomas L. (1999,2000). The Lexus and the Olive Tree. New York: Farrar, StrausGiroux ISBN 0-385-49934-5Postrel, Virginia. (August 15, 2002).†The Rich Get Rich and Poor Get Poorer. Right? Let’s TakeAnother Look.† New York Times

José Cuervo Tequila Essay

Expansion to foreign markets is one of the ways in which companies increase their revenues. This expansion is normally preceded by analysis of that market and coming up with strategies to be used. The commonly used business strategy formulation method is SWOT analysis. Business strategies are aimed at improving a company’s competitive position or business unit within an industry or segment. Business strategies can be cooperative or competitive (Wheelen, 2003). Competitive strategies largely focus on costs and differentiation. The various strategies that can be adopted to achieve competitive edge include cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, or differentiation focus Jose Cuervo Tequila entry strategies This product is manufactured in the Mexican city of Tequila. This tequila is made from agave plant found in Mexico. Tequila is a premium brand targeted at the premium beverage market segment. Before introducing the product to the market, the main factors to consider are marketing, supply of the product and investment as well as control measures e. g. nter the market by acquisition, joint venture etc (Wheelen, 2003). Given the fact that Jose Cuervo Company is a family owned business, the company may not have the resources to counter competitors in an advanced market like the USA. Therefore the company can grant license rights to other companies to manufacture market and distribute the product. In this way, the company can penetrate the market without investing substantial amounts of resources (Diageo Inc, 2009) Jose Cuevo tequila is a premium brand and therefore differentiation focus is the other strategy that the company can use. This type of differentiation focuses on a particular group, segment or geographical market. Since the company makes premium brand tequila, differentiation focus strategy is another possible option that the company can adopt Exporting is the other market entry strategy that the company can adopt to enter the USA market. This strategy will require lower investment although to create awareness about the product, the company has to invest substantial resources on marketing Control and Evaluation. This is the monitoring of corporate activities and performance results so that actual performance can be compared with the desired results. It typically involves determining what to measure, establishing standards of performance, measuring actual performance, comparison of actual performance with standards and taking corrective actions (Wheelen, 2003) Evaluation of the company’s strategies and operations can be done using performance measures such as return on investment, earnings per share, balanced scorecard, benchmarking etc. In this way, the company can be able to tell whether it is performing as expected. The company can evaluate the performance of its target market by using the above measures Controls instituted by the company should be in line with its strategies so as to avoid conflicts that may hinder achievement of objectives. Controls should depict true picture by monitoring important events, being timely, short and long term. Therefore the controls set by the company should not affect its quest to penetrate the market (Wheelen, 2003). Contingency plan In charting new territories e. g. a foreign market, the company should be able to take the necessary measures to ensure business continuity in case of uncertainties. This can be done through the development of a contingency plan. The first step is by identifying potential threats e. g. economic slowdown, changes in laws etc. Coming up with solutions e. g. by diversification or scaling back operations to reduce costs is the next step of a contingency plan (Wheelen, 2003). Implementing the plan by instituting specific measures e. g. by investing in research to come up with new products and setting up a recovery team is the other step. The implemented plan should be tested and agreed upon by everybody in the company to ensure that it achieves the desired results The plan should be maintained by incorporating current conditions e. g. the company should include the current economic slowdown and its effects like lack of credit to the plan. This ensures that the plan is updated.